Medication for Heartburn: What Works, What Doesn't, and What to Avoid

When heartburn, a burning sensation in the chest caused by stomach acid rising into the esophagus. Also known as acid reflux, it's one of the most common digestive complaints people face daily. You don’t need to live with it. Millions reach for over-the-counter pills without knowing what they’re actually taking—or why some work better than others. The truth? Not all heartburn meds are created equal. Some give quick relief, others stop the problem at its source. And some? They do more harm than good if used the wrong way.

The three main types of heartburn medication, drugs designed to reduce or neutralize stomach acid to relieve discomfort are antacids, H2 blockers, and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Antacids like Tums or Rolaids work fast—they neutralize acid right away—but their effect lasts maybe an hour. H2 blockers like famotidine (Pepcid) cut acid production and last longer, often 8 to 12 hours. PPIs like omeprazole (Prilosec) go even deeper, shutting down the stomach’s acid pumps for up to 24 hours. Each has its place. Antacids for occasional flare-ups. H2 blockers for predictable triggers like spicy meals. PPIs for frequent, persistent symptoms. But here’s the catch: popping PPIs every day for months? That’s when trouble starts. Studies show long-term use can lead to nutrient loss, bone thinning, and even kidney issues. You don’t need a prescription to buy them, but you should treat them like real medicine—not candy.

Then there are the hidden triggers. Some medications, drugs that can worsen or cause heartburn as a side effect make it worse without you realizing it. Blood pressure pills, antidepressants, and even some painkillers like ibuprofen can relax the valve between your stomach and esophagus, letting acid creep up. If your heartburn started after beginning a new drug, talk to your doctor. It might not be your diet—it might be your prescription.

What you’ll find below isn’t a list of brand names or ads. It’s a real-world comparison of what actually works, what’s overhyped, and what you should skip. You’ll see how common heartburn treatments stack up against each other—cost, speed, safety, and long-term risks. No jargon. No marketing speak. Just what you need to decide whether to reach for the antacid, switch to an H2 blocker, or ask your doctor about something else.