Allergy medication options: pick the right one for your symptoms

Got sneezing, itchy eyes, or a stuffed nose that won’t quit? You don’t have to try every product on the shelf. This guide lays out clear allergy medication options you can start with, what they do, and when to see a doctor.

Start with the basics: oral antihistamines. Second‑generation antihistamines like cetirizine, loratadine, or fexofenadine control sneezing, itching, and runny nose without making most people sleepy. First‑generation drugs (diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine) work fast but often leave you drowsy—use them for short periods or when sleep is actually helpful.

Nasal corticosteroids are the go‑to for persistent nasal symptoms. Fluticasone, budesonide, and mometasone cut inflammation right at the source, helping congestion, sneezing, and postnasal drip. They take a few days to reach full effect, so plan ahead for seasonal spikes. Used correctly, they’re safe for long‑term control.

Quick relief and symptom add‑ons

Decongestants (pseudoephedrine or phenylephrine) shrink swollen nasal passages and give fast relief for a blocked nose. They’re not good for long stretches—they raise blood pressure and can cause jitteriness. Nasal decongestant sprays work fast but should be limited to a few days to avoid rebound congestion.

For itchy, watery eyes, antihistamine eye drops help immediately. Mast cell stabilizer eye drops (like cromolyn) prevent symptoms if used before exposure but require regular use. Saline nasal rinses flush allergens and mucus; they’re cheap, safe, and often underrated.

Prescription options and long‑term control

If OTC meds don’t cut it, leukotriene receptor antagonists (montelukast) help some people, especially when asthma or nasal polyps are involved. For severe allergic rhinitis or chronic sinus inflammation, ENT doctors may suggest a short steroid dose or a prescription nasal steroid with guidance.

Immunotherapy (allergy shots or sublingual tablets) changes the immune system’s reaction over time. It’s the only approach that can produce lasting reduction in allergy sensitivity. Shots are weekly then monthly; sublingual drops/tablets are daily. Expect commitment, but many patients significantly reduce meds after a year or two.

Biologic drugs (like omalizumab) target specific allergic pathways and are reserved for severe cases — think uncontrolled asthma with allergies or very severe nasal polyps. They’re given by specialists and can be life‑changing for the right patients.

Safety tips: read labels, don’t mix sedating antihistamines with alcohol, avoid long‑term nasal decongestant sprays, and tell your doctor about heart disease, high blood pressure, pregnancy, or if you’re on other meds. If symptoms disturb sleep, affect daily life, or include breathing trouble, get medical help fast.

Want a quick plan? Try a second‑generation antihistamine plus a nasal steroid for persistent symptoms. Add saline rinses and eye drops for targeted relief. If that isn’t enough, ask about leukotriene blockers or immunotherapy. Simple steps often make a big difference.